Dementia and Mood Changes: Identifying the Hidden Influences

Julia Cruz-Moreno

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Dementia affects individuals differently; no two cases are alike. People with dementia may experience a range of emotional changes, including confusion, delusion, fear, anxiety, anger, and sadness, all due to alterations in brain function.

It can be challenging for caregivers to understand the causes behind these behaviors. Caregivers often find themselves in the role of detectives, assessing and evaluating the behaviors of their loved ones, especially when communication is difficult.

When observing behaviors, it's essential to assess the following three areas:

• Medical and physical

• Emotional

• Environmental

Medical and Physical

Assessing medical and physical causes involves looking deeper into what might be causing emotional changes. Medical or physical issues such as illness, infection, medication side effects, caffeine intake, fatigue, or prolonged sitting can significantly impact behavior. Take note of any recent changes in your loved one’s schedule or medication that may influence their behavior.

When an individual is experiencing physical pain, it can lead to mood changes such as agitation, frustration or anxiety. We can problem-solve to determine the root cause when our loved one cannot communicate.

Emotional

Emotional causes of behavioral changes can include untreated depression, fear, frustration, or boredom. Monitor your loved one’s behavior for shifts, keeping detailed notes. Look for patterns that may link specific behaviors to routines or environmental factors.

Environmental

Environmental influences, such as noise, clutter, the weather, or surrounding activity, can also affect individuals differently. It’s important to observe changes in the environment and how these may impact mood. For instance, loud noises may trigger discomfort in a person with dementia. If possible, try to modify the environment or minimize disturbances.

Taking a comprehensive approach will enhance your understanding of changes in individuals with dementia. Remember that emotional responses in dementia can be subtle or indirect, so a careful and patient assessment is necessary for accurate evaluations.